一,vsftpd是什么
vsftpd是一款在Linux发行版中最受推崇的FTP服务器程序。特点是小巧轻快,安全易用。
二,vsftpd安装
1),自带安装命令安装,就不用下载了
Ubuntu安装: apt-get install vsftpd
centos安装:yum install vsftpd
archlinux安装:pacman -S vsftpd
2),不用自带安装命令安装
下载地址 ftp://vsftpd.beasts.org/users/cevans/vsftpd-1.2.1.tar.gz
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/vsftpd
make && make install
推荐使用第一种,因为:1,升级起来方便;2,你并不需要VSFTPD添加什么功能,像mysql最好还是自己编译安装,因为我们有可能要增加一个mysql自身并没有的存储引擎,源码知道在什么地方,这样我觉的会方便一点。
三,vsftpd的配置
1、我的配置:
- # Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
- #
- # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
- # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
- # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
- #
- # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
- # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
- # capabilities.
- #
- # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
- anonymous_enable=NO
- #
- # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
- local_enable=YES
- #
- # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
- write_enable=YES
- #
- # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
- # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
- local_umask=022
- #
- # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
- # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
- # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
- #anon_upload_enable=YES
- #
- # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
- # new directories.
- anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
- #
- # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
- # go into a certain directory.
- dirmessage_enable=YES
- #
- # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
- xferlog_enable=YES
- #
- # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
- connect_from_port_20=YES
- #
- # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
- # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
- # recommended!
- #chown_uploads=YES
- #chown_username=whoever
- #
- # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
- # below.
- #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
- #
- # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
- xferlog_std_format=YES
- #
- # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
- #idle_session_timeout=600
- #
- # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
- #data_connection_timeout=120
- #
- # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
- # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
- #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
- #
- # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
- # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
- # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
- #async_abor_enable=YES
- #
- # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
- # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
- # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
- # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
- # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
- # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
- # raw file.
- # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
- #ascii_upload_enable=YES
- #ascii_download_enable=YES
- #
- # You may fully customise the login banner string:
- #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
- #
- # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
- # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
- #deny_email_enable=YES
- # (default follows)
- #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
- #
- # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
- # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
- # users to NOT chroot().
- #chroot_list_enable=YES
- # (default follows)
- #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
- #
- # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
- # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
- # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
- # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
- #ls_recurse_enable=YES
- #
- # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
- # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
- # with the listen_ipv6 directive.
- listen=YES
- #
- # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
- # sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files.
- # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
- #listen_ipv6=YES
- pam_service_name=vsftpd
- userlist_enable=YES
- tcp_wrappers=YES
1),用户控制
[root@svn vsftpd]# ls
ftpusers user_list vsftpd.conf vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh
从上面可以看出根用户有关的有二个文件,参数是userlist_deny
注释如下。
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this user_list
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this user_list, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
2、允许匿名用户具有写权限(上传/创建目录)
在默认配置下添加以下内容:
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_world_readable_only=NO 允许匿名帐号写 另外还需具有所有权限的目录
3、屏蔽本地所有用户浏览其他目录的权限(除了家目录,匿名用户本身只能访问家目录)
在默认配置下添加以下内容:
chroot_local_user=YES
4、屏蔽部分本地用户浏览其他目录的权限
在默认配置下添加以下内容:
chroot_local_user=NO
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
另外再创建文件/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list,并添加需要屏蔽的用户。
5、性能选项
idle_session_timeout=600
data_connection_timeout=120
local_max_rate=50000 #本地用户的最高速率
anon_max_rate=30000 #匿名用户的最高速率
修改/etc/passwd文件的用户家目录可以改变用户登录的目录
修改/etc/passwd文件的用户的登录shell为/sbin/nologin,则不能用于本地登录,可以用于ftp登录。
/etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd文件的主要内容:(“=”前后有空格)
only_from = 192.168.1.1|192.168.1.0/24 #只接收来至某ip或网段
no_access = 192.168.3.2|192.168.3.0/24 #拒绝接收来至某ip或网段
access_times = 8:00-17:00 #设置访问时间
instances = 200 #设置最大连接数
per_source = 5 #设置每个ip可有几个连接
a,针对不同ftp使用者限制不同下载速度
操作步骤
1.安装vsftp,并启用
2.编辑: sudo vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
(就是对vsftpd进行配置)
可以通过命令:lftp 172.18.176.12 来查看。
如: yu@yu-laptop:/home/ftp$ lftp 172.17.184.24
lftp 172.17.184.24:~> ls (查看)
-rw-r--r-- 1 1000 1000 83643 Jul 12 10:34 023w.jpg
ftp 172.17.184.24:~> bye (退出)
use_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/userconf
3.新增/etc/vsftpd/userconf
4./etc/vsftpd/userconf下增加test1
编辑test1
test1 local_max_rate=25000 (下载速度单位为字节 B)
5./etc/vsftpd/userconf下增加test2
编辑test2
test2 local_max_rate=30000
6.service vsftpd restart
b,vsftpd与Tcp_wrapper结合
1.编辑/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
tcp_wrapper=yes
2.编辑/etc/hosts.deny
vsftpd:192.168.0 10.0.0 192.168.1.3 :deny
ALL:ALL:ALLOW
3.效果 192.168.0段的和10.0.0网段 及192.168.1.3不能访问当前ftp服务器。其他地址的可以访问
六,gftp,lftp,filezilla的安装
对于喜欢用图片界面的用户来说,linux下面gftp是一个不错的选择。
对于喜欢命令的用户来说,lftp,个人觉得比较方便
Ubuntu安装: apt-get install gftp
centos安装:yum install gftp
archlinux安装:pacman -S gftp
如果要装lftp把上面的gftp换一下就行了。
windows 下面就要装filezilla,安装很方便。使用也很简单,就不说了
七,参考文档
http://www.linuxsir.org/main/?q=node/152#8.1
转载请注明
作者:海底苍鹰
地址:http://blog.51yip.com/server/359.html